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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\ql \li0\ri0\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\noline\wrapdefault\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af0\afs40\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs40\lang1033\langfe1042\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 Deploying a TPM ? Beware the distributed transaction trap.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
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\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 Introduction
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 The use of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 transaction processing monitors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
 (TPM) such as Encina or Tuxedo to control Oracle systems seems to be an increasingly popular option in large developments. A TPM effectively puts a layer of control between the end-user and the application code that you would normally write to access the
 database, leaving you with a single \lquote logical database service\rquote , rather than a collection of separate programs (and possibly separate databases) that make up your overall application.
\par 
\par There are several arguments in favour of using a TPM: 
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af3\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx360\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls12\pnrnot0
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e to include Oracle and non-Oracle (legacy) systems in a secure transaction-based system using a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 two-phase commit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160  (2PC) controlled by the TPM
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It is possible to modularise functionality - if you break down your application into a number of services then the number of different programs that exist to act as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
application servers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160  can be transparent to the application - the TPM can hand the work out to the appropriate server.
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It is possible to scale your application by having multiple copies of the server that handles the most frequently used procedure. The end-user program need not know which specific }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 application server process}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
 is working on its behalf, the TPM system can maintain a list of suitable server processes, and handle the load balancing. 
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 is possible, to some degree, to re-use existing programs that address a number of small, independent tasks, and modify them at relatively low cost to participate in larger TPM-controlled transactions 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af3\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx360\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls12\pnrnot0
\pnf3\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 The TPM will probably have a number of built-in fe
atures for monitoring critical performance metrics (such as transactions per second) that would otherwise have to be hand-coded into every application so that you could demonstrate conformance to service level agreements (SLAs).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\ql \li0\ri0\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\noline\wrapdefault\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1042\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 How the TPM works
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 Figure 1 is a simple diagram of the components that might appear as the \lquote logical database service\rquote 
 in such a system. The diagram shows two possible data resources (one of them an Oracle database) several different functional processes (the Application Services), and three copies of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 Transaction Manager}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160  (TM) process. 
\par 
\par Consider a system for handling door-to-door flight-bookings. We might have three completely independent programs that can handle this task between them if they are given the correct inputs:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 Application Service 1 (App Serv 1):\tab book airline tickets
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 Application Service 2 (App Serv 2):\tab book limousine
\par Application Service 3 (App Serv 3):\tab update customer \lquote airmiles\rquote  scheme
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
\par Our end-user program therefore interacts with the TPM to: start a transaction under th
e control of a Transaction Manager (TM) process, run App Serv 1, run App Serv 2 twice, run App Serv 3, and then call the TM to commit the entire set of activities as a single transaction.
\par 
\par The figure deliberately avoids showing how an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 end-user}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160  process inte
racts with the system. There are many variations in the way that this interaction might be implemented. End-user processes may, for example, connect directly to a Transaction Manager (TM) process that then calls Application Services according to the clien
t\rquote s requests. Another possibility is that an end-user process may connect through a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 dispatcher}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160  process that identifies which Application Services to forward them to \endash  in which case the Application Service will have to contact a Transaction Manager before ac
cessing the data resources.  There may, or may not, be a process which is identifiable as 'the' TPM process. Different processes may pass messages through shared-memory queues, they may pass messages through disk- based queues.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
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25000b00050000002e01000000000500000014022a87b8ca0500000014027401fa00050000002e010100000014000000320a7401fa0006000400000000001b07
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0000ffffff000000040000002d01050008000000fa0200000300000000000002040000002d0107000700000018044202b001ab014700040000002d0102000400
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090200000000050000001402ce019200050000002e010100000010000000320ace01920003000400000000001b07bc03544d20001a0025000b00050000002e01
000000000500000014022a87b8ca050000001402ce01dc00050000002e010100000014000000320ace01dc0006000400000000001b07bc0370726f6320311400
0f00140012000b001500050000002e01000000000500000014020000000005000000020101000000040000002701ffff1000000026060f001600ffffffff0000
250200009b0000001a0300005401000008000000fa0200000300000000000000040000002d010500040000002d0103000800000025030200370246010703a800
040000002d01060004000000f001050007000000fc020000000000000000040000002d0105000c0000002403040037023001270251014a024b01390244010c00
0000240304000703be0017039d00f402a3000503aa00040000002d010400040000002d01020004000000f00105000800000026060f000600ffffffff01001000
000026060f001600ffffffff000025020000f40000001a0300007201000008000000fa0200000300000000000000040000002d010500040000002d0103000800
0000250302003902650105030101040000002d01060004000000f001050007000000fc020000000000000000040000002d0105000c000000240304003c025101
27026f014b026f013b0265010c00000024030400020315011703f700f302f70003030101040000002d010400040000002d01020004000000f001050008000000
26060f000600ffffffff01001000000026060f001600ffffffff0000250200007e0100001a030000ba01000008000000fa020000030000000000000004000000
2d010500040000002d01030008000000250302003b0290010303a801040000002d01060004000000f001050007000000fc020000000000000000040000002d01
05000c000000240304004902800127028d014502a1013d0290010c00000024030400f502b8011703ab01f90297010103a801040000002d010400040000002d01
020004000000f00105000800000026060f000600ffffffff01001000000026060f001600ffffffff000025020000a80100001a0300002602000008000000fa02
00000300000000000000040000002d010500040000002d01030008000000250302003902b50105031902040000002d01060004000000f001050007000000fc02
0000000000000000040000002d0105000c000000240304004b02aa012702ab013c02c8013b02b5010c00000024030400f3022402170323020203060203031902
040000002d010400040000002d01020004000000f00105000800000026060f000600ffffffff01001000000026060f001600ffffffff000025020000c7010000
fc0200008002000008000000fa0200000300000000000000040000002d010500040000002d01030008000000250302003602d501ea027102040000002d010600
04000000f001050007000000fc020000000000000000040000002d0105000c000000240304004b02d0012702c9013602ea013802d7010c00000024030400d502
7602f9027d02ea025c02e8026f02040000002d010400040000002d01020004000000f00105000800000026060f000600ffffffff01001000000026060f001600
ffffffff000025020000e5010000de020000da02000008000000fa0200000300000000000000040000002d010500040000002d01030008000000250302003202
f701d002c702040000002d01060004000000f001050007000000fc020000000000000000040000002d0105000c000000240304004802f7012702e7012d020a02
3402f9010c00000024030400ba02c702db02d702d502b402ce02c502040000002d010400040000002d01020004000000f00105000800000026060f000600ffff
ffff01001000000026060f001600ffffffff00002502000003020000c00200003403000008000000fa0200000300000000000000040000002d01050004000000
2d010300080000002503020031021702b3021f03040000002d01060004000000f001050007000000fc020000000000000000040000002d0105000c0000002403
040045021a022702050227022902310219020c000000240304009f021c03bd023103bd020d03b3021d03040000002d010400040000002d01020004000000f001
05000800000026060f000600ffffffff01001000000026060f001600ffffffff0000d70400008a00000036050000b100000008000000fa020000030000000000
0000040000002d010500040000002d0103000800000025030200ed049d001f059d00040000002d01060004000000f001050007000000fc020000000000000000
040000002d0105000c00000024030400f9048c00d9049d00f904ad00ef049d000c000000240304001305ae0033059d0013058d001d059d00040000002d010400
040000002d01020004000000f00105000800000026060f000600ffffffff01001000000026060f001600ffffffff0000b9040000e4000000360500000b010000
08000000fa0200000300000000000000040000002d010500040000002d0103000800000025030200cf04f7001f05f700040000002d01060004000000f0010500
07000000fc020000000000000000040000002d0105000c00000024030400db04e600bb04f700db040701d104f7000c00000024030400130508013305f7001305
e7001d05f700040000002d010400040000002d01020004000000f00105000800000026060f000600ffffffff01001000000026060f001600ffffffff0000d704
0000b601000036050000dd01000008000000fa0200000300000000000000040000002d010500040000002d0103000800000025030200ed04c9011f05c9010400
00002d01060004000000f001050007000000fc020000000000000000040000002d0105000c00000024030400f904b801d904c901f904d901ef04c9010c000000
240304001305da013305c9011305b9011d05c901040000002d010400040000002d01020004000000f00105000800000026060f000600ffffffff010010000000
26060f001600ffffffff0000b90400002e020000360500005502000008000000fa0200000300000000000000040000002d010500040000002d01030008000000
25030200cf0441021f054102040000002d01060004000000f001050007000000fc020000000000000000040000002d0105000c00000024030400db043002bb04
4102db045102d10441020c000000240304001305520233054102130531021d054102040000002d010400040000002d01020004000000f0010500080000002606
0f000600ffffffff01001000000026060f001600ffffffff00009b0400008802000036050000af02000008000000fa0200000300000000000000040000002d01
0500040000002d0103000800000025030200b1049b021f059b02040000002d01060004000000f001050007000000fc020000000000000000040000002d010500
0c00000024030400bd048a029d049b02bd04ab02b3049b020c000000240304001305ac0233059b0213058b021d059b02040000002d010400040000002d010200
04000000f00105000800000026060f000600ffffffff01001000000026060f001600ffffffff00007d040000e2020000360500000903000008000000fa020000
0300000000000000040000002d010500040000002d01030008000000250302009304f5021f05f502040000002d01060004000000f001050007000000fc020000
000000000000040000002d0105000c000000240304009f04e4027f04f5029f0405039504f5020c00000024030400130506033305f5021305e5021d05f5020400
00002d010400040000002d01020004000000f00105000800000026060f000600ffffffff01001000000026060f001600ffffffff00005f0400003c0300003605
00006303000008000000fa0200000300000000000000040000002d010500040000002d010300080000002503020075044f031f054f03040000002d0106000400
0000f001050007000000fc020000000000000000040000002d0105000c0000002403040081043e0361044f0381045f0377044f030c0000002403040013056003
33054f0313053f031d054f03040000002d010400040000002d01020004000000f00105000800000026060f000600ffffffff0100040000002d010000030000000000}}}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx709\endnhere\pgbrdropt32\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7552160 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\ql \li0\ri0\sb120\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7552160 Figure }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7552160  SEQ Figure \\* ARABIC }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7552160 1}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx709\endnhere\pgbrdropt32\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7552160 . The 'logical database service\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
\par Whatever the case, there are two key implementation details:
\par 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af3\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx360\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls11\pnrnot0
\pnf3\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 The Transaction Manager is used to put a boundary around the quantit
y of work that constitutes a single, atomic, transaction.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlcont\ilvl0\ls0\pnrnot0\pndec }\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
\par {\pntext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af3\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-360\li360\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx360\wrapdefault{\*\pn \pnlvlblt\ilvl0\ls11\pnrnot0
\pnf3\pnstart1\pnindent360\pnsp120\pnhang {\pntxtb \'b7}}\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
The client does not need to know what data resources, and which Application Service processes, have been called to operate the transaction.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\ql \li0\ri0\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\noline\wrapdefault\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1042\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 The Scalability trap
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7552160 {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft72\shptop1092\shpright8568\shpbottom4548\shpfhdr0\shpbxcolumn\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr1\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt0\shpz0\shplid1026
{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 202}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lTxid}{\sv 65536}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 12632256}}{\sp{\sn fillOpacity}{\sv 32768}}
{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 0}}{\shptxt \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s6\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\outlinelevel5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\ul\lang2057\langfe1042\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1042 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7552160 Data Clustering
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
\par Although many d
atabase nowadays are very large, it is commonly the case that only a small fraction of the database is busy. For example, in a warehousing system, you may find that new Orders are entered Monday , and naturally since they are all entered in a fairly short
 
period of time, the order lines physically packed in the database, on Tuesday morning the ordered goods are picked from stock, on Tuesday afternoon they are dispatched, on Wednesday morning they are invoiced, and then very little happens to that bit of th
e database thereafter (although payments presumably come dribbling n over the next three months). For a few days one small part of your database is subject to intensive activity, and as time passes this little window moves on.
\par 
\par The problem is exacerbated by
 indexes - in particular primary key indexes generated by meaningless sequential numbers. You might pack 10,000 order lines for Monday into 200 blocks of the database, but you might pack the primary key values for those order lines into just 20, very stre
ssed, blocks.
\par }}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxcolumn\dobypara\dodhgt8192\dptxbx\dptxlrtb{\dptxbxtext\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s6\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\outlinelevel5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs20\ul\lang2057\langfe1042\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1042 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7552160 Data Clustering
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
\par Although many d
atabase nowadays are very large, it is commonly the case that only a small fraction of the database is busy. For example, in a warehousing system, you may find that new Orders are entered Monday , and naturally since they are all entered in a fairly short
 
period of time, the order lines physically packed in the database, on Tuesday morning the ordered goods are picked from stock, on Tuesday afternoon they are dispatched, on Wednesday morning they are invoiced, and then very little happens to that bit of th
e database thereafter (although payments presumably come dribbling n over the next three months). For a few days one small part of your database is subject to intensive activity, and as time passes this little window moves on.
\par 
\par The problem is exacerbated by
 indexes - in particular primary key indexes generated by meaningless sequential numbers. You might pack 10,000 order lines for Monday into 200 blocks of the database, but you might pack the primary key values for those order lines into just 20, very stre
ssed, blocks.
\par }}\dpx72\dpy1092\dpxsize8496\dpysize3456\dpfillfgcr255\dpfillfgcg255\dpfillfgcb255\dpfillbgcr192\dpfillbgcg192\dpfillbgcb192\dpfillpat1\dplinew15\dplinecor0\dplinecog0\dplinecob0}}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
In theory, there are numerous strategic advantages to using a TPM. So what could possibly go wrong ? The problem arises through a combination of three characteristics - a high degree of concurrency, tight clustering of current data(see side
-bar), and distributed transactions. Unless you have considered the risk of this combination, and catered for it correctly in your design, your application }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
will not scale}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 .
\par The most significant feature, in fact, is the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 distributed transaction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 . High concurre
ncy and packed data invariably lead to problems of scalability, but putting distributed transactions on top of the other two is a sure-fire route to hitting a brick wall. Distributed transactions require a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 two-phase commit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 , and two-phase commits introduce 
a phenomenon that does not appear anywhere else in Oracle - block-level locking.  
\par 
\par Unfortunately, if you are using a TPM, it is very easy to introduce distributed transactions to your system without realising that you are doing so. Fortunately, if you are aware of the danger, it is (probably) possible to avoid the issue.
\par 
\par Look at Figure 1 again. If your client program performs a business task that makes use of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 App Serv 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 App Serv 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
 to record some changes to the system - perhaps by moving data from the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 Other DB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160  to the }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 Oracle DB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160  - then a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 distributed transaction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 , and an associated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 two-phase commit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160  is unavoidable. On the other hand, if your client program performs a business task that makes use of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 App Serv 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 App Serv 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160  to record some changes to the syst
em - perhaps one is a customer update and the other is a ledger update - all the activity is within a single database and you may be forgiven for thinking that your actions would not register as a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 distributed transaction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 . 
\par 
\par This is where the trap lies - if you have two application servers connected to an Oracle database, they will be running as two different Oracle sessions. Two different sessions almost invariably means two different }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 local}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160  transactions from the database perspective - even though those two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 local}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160  transactions may be coupled as a single }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 global}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
 transaction at the level of the transaction monitors (TM). Oracle is quite clever about recognising that two sessions are involved in the same global transaction. Nevertheless there are various configura
tions of TPM systems which will allow you (the end-user/programmer) to do something which is clearly dedicated to a single Oracle database, but which will result in the database thinking it is participating in a proper distributed transaction. If this occ
urs, then the two-phase commit appears, and your scaling problems begin.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\ql \li0\ri0\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\noline\wrapdefault\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1042\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 The two-phase commit
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 So what is a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 two-phase commit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
, and why does it have such a terrible impact.  Let's start with a real-world example of what goes wrong without the two-phase commit. 
\par 
\par Imagine you are an oil-trader, and you have two other companies on two different phone lines - one of them is prepared 
to sell you a cargo (500,000 barrels) of Brent Crude at $19.50 per barrel, the other is prepared to buy at $19.60 per barrel. So you say to the seller 'Done', and as you do, the line to the buyer does dead.  You phone them back and when you get through to
 
them a couple of minutes later they say "Sorry, I got a better offer while I was waiting". You are holding $10M of crude oil, an empty bank account, and no buyer in sight. An equally painful, though financially different, problem arises if you say "Done" 
to the buyer first, you end up committed to supply a boatload of oil with no stock in sight. 
\par 
\par So let's introduce the two-phase commit to our oil-trading.  You say to the seller "Will you hold at $19.50 for 10 minutes ?", if the seller agrees,   you go to t
he buyer and say "If I get back to you inside 10 minutes will you buy at $19.60?". If the buyer agrees you go back the seller and say "Done", then go back to the buyer and say "Done".  The worst case scenario is that you say "Done" to the seller, and the 
phone dies - you still have 10 minutes to reconnect with the buyer before everything could go wrong.
\par 
\par This is almost exactly the same as the two-phase commit. The transaction manager (TM) is the oil trader in the middle, the databases correspond to the seller and buyer. The first phase of negotiations is called the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 prepare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160  phase, the second is the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
commit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160  phase. In principle there is only a very tiny gap between the two phases to minimise the window of opportunity for errors. However, there are two points we 
haven't yet considered. 
\par 
\par One simple, but very important, point is that in the database environment the negotiations in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 prepare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160  phase do }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
 include a deadline - the transaction manager simply travels round each database in turn saying 'can you promise
 that you will be able to commit when I next get back to you ?'; the database sets itself up for the deal, sends back an affirmative, and then waits - indefinitely - for the call back. 
\par 
\par The second point can best be explained by going back to our oil-trade
rs. Review the situation from the point of the seller - they can't do anything with their cargo for 10 minutes, it has to be locked up, waiting for you to decide whether or not you are going to buy it.  Stranger still, if someone said to them - "how many 
cargoes have you sold today ?" any answer they gave would be a little ambiguous; for a brief period of time you (the TM, or trader in the middle) know that you have bought it, but they (the seller) do not know that they have sold it. 
\par 
\par If we translate this second point into Oracle database terms, it means that not only is the relevant row locked against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 updates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 , it is also locked against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 selects}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
 - the record cannot be read. In fact (for technical reasons relating to the way in which Oracle handles read consistency at the block level) for the period of time between the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 prepare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160  and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 commit}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 , the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 entire block}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
 holding the updated row is locked against both writers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 and readers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
. The impact can be devastating.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\ql \li0\ri0\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\noline\wrapdefault\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1042\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 Design and Test
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 We said earlier on that one of the fe
atures of two-phase commit was that "in principle there is only a very tiny gap between the two phases". In practice, this may be true; but when you have 20 processes busy doing updates, and 50 processes executing queries around a few blocks which are inv
olved in two-phase commits, the "tiny gaps" can add up to a huge amount of lost time.
\par 
\par Look again at Figure 1, and think about the minimum number of steps needed to commit a transaction involving just two application services. A typical sequence of events might be:
\par 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts11\trqc\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 
\trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 
\clcfpat1\clcbpat8\clshdng10000\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth761\clcbpatraw8\clcfpatraw1\clshdngraw10000 \cellx653\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 
\clcfpat1\clcbpat8\clshdng10000\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1889\clcbpatraw8\clcfpatraw1\clshdngraw10000 \cellx2542\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 
\clcfpat1\clcbpat8\clshdng10000\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1756\clcbpatraw8\clcfpatraw1\clshdngraw10000 \cellx4298\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 
\clcfpat1\clcbpat8\clshdng10000\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1789\clcbpatraw8\clcfpatraw1\clshdngraw10000 \cellx6087\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 Time\cell TM sends\cell App serv 1 sends\cell App Serv 2 sends\cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts11\trqc\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrh
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clcfpat1\clcbpat8\clshdng10000\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth761\clcbpatraw8\clcfpatraw1\clshdngraw10000 \cellx653\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clcfpat1\clcbpat8\clshdng10000\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1889\clcbpatraw8\clcfpatraw1\clshdngraw10000 \cellx2542\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clcfpat1\clcbpat8\clshdng10000\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1756\clcbpatraw8\clcfpatraw1\clshdngraw10000 \cellx4298\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clcfpat1\clcbpat8\clshdng10000\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1789\clcbpatraw8\clcfpatraw1\clshdngraw10000 \cellx6087\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow1\irowband1\ltrrow\ts11\trqc\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth761\clshdrawnil \cellx653\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1889\clshdrawnil \cellx2542\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1756\clshdrawnil \cellx4298\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1789\clshdrawnil \cellx6087
\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 T1\cell App Serv 1 prepare\cell \cell \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\ltrrow\ts11\trqc\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 
\trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth761\clshdrawnil \cellx653\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1889\clshdrawnil \cellx2542\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1756\clshdrawnil \cellx4298\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1789\clshdrawnil \cellx6087\row 
\ltrrow}\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 T2\cell \cell Prepared\cell \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 \trowd \irow2\irowband2\ltrrow\ts11\trqc\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 
\trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth761\clshdrawnil \cellx653\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1889\clshdrawnil \cellx2542\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1756\clshdrawnil \cellx4298\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1789\clshdrawnil \cellx6087\row 
\ltrrow}\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 T3\cell App Serv 2 prepare\cell \cell \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 \trowd \irow3\irowband3\ltrrow\ts11\trqc\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 
\trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth761\clshdrawnil \cellx653\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1889\clshdrawnil \cellx2542\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1756\clshdrawnil \cellx4298\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1789\clshdrawnil \cellx6087\row 
\ltrrow}\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 T4\cell \cell \cell Prepared\cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 \trowd \irow4\irowband4\ltrrow\ts11\trqc\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 
\trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth761\clshdrawnil \cellx653\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1889\clshdrawnil \cellx2542\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1756\clshdrawnil \cellx4298\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1789\clshdrawnil \cellx6087\row 
\ltrrow}\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 T5\cell App Serv 1 commit\cell \cell \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 \trowd \irow5\irowband5\ltrrow\ts11\trqc\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 
\trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth761\clshdrawnil \cellx653\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1889\clshdrawnil \cellx2542\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1756\clshdrawnil \cellx4298\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1789\clshdrawnil \cellx6087\row 
\ltrrow}\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 T6\cell \cell Committed\cell \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 \trowd \irow6\irowband6\ltrrow\ts11\trqc\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 
\trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth761\clshdrawnil \cellx653\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1889\clshdrawnil \cellx2542\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1756\clshdrawnil \cellx4298\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1789\clshdrawnil \cellx6087\row 
\ltrrow}\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 T7\cell App Serv 2 commit\cell \cell \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 \trowd \irow7\irowband7\ltrrow\ts11\trqc\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 
\trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth761\clshdrawnil \cellx653\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1889\clshdrawnil \cellx2542\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1756\clshdrawnil \cellx4298\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1789\clshdrawnil \cellx6087\row 
\ltrrow}\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 T8\cell \cell \cell Committed\cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 \trowd \irow8\irowband8\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trqc\trgaph108\trleft-108\trbrdrt
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trftsWidth1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth761\clshdrawnil \cellx653\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1889\clshdrawnil \cellx2542\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1756\clshdrawnil \cellx4298\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1789\clshdrawnil \cellx6087\row }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
\par In a busy system, the necessary task-switching that takes place could easily leave a window of several milliseconds between each pair of steps.  It sounds small, but it doesn't take a very high degree of concurrency focused on a relatively small number of
 
blocks before the system starts to suffer dramatic time losses.  On one recent site visit, I found that there were periods during the day when the overall time loss in this 'tiny window' actually exceeded the time lost waiting for physical I/O. In particu
lar, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 queries}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
 that should have resulted in sub-second response times were occasionally taking as much as ten seconds to complete.
\par 
\par The problem, un
fortunately, is terribly pernicious. Even with fairly thorough testing you may fail to notice the problem because it requires concurrency, and the correct data distribution. If your test machine has four CPUs running 150 processes, and your production mac
h
ine has 16 CPUs running 600 processes, your standard test suite may not generate enough collisions to indicate the potential scale of the problem. You need to know what can go wrong, design a simple harness for your general approach, and then devise a tes
t
 aimed at stressing the system at the point most likely to cause the problem.  For example, you could write two very simple Application Services, each one updating its own one-block table, then prepare an end-user task that repeatedly calls both updates. 
S
ee what effect multiple copies of this have whilst simultaneously querying the two tables. For the pure technician, the most important symptom to watch out for is the occurrence of TX locks requested in mode 4 - and you may have to run with a full 10046 t
race running as they are likely to come and go very quickly.
\par 
\par The real question, of course, is how you can avoid the problem. The answer depends on the TPM software you are using, and the way in which you have decided to use it. 
\par Any form of persistent queu
eing (in other words using intermediate files of a format designated by the TPM software to queue information from one system to another) is inevitably going result in two-phase commits - so try to avoid using persistent queues. 
\par 
\par If you have to use persistent queues, consider "over-using" them - create a clone of the TPM persistent queue inside the Oracle database and use it when transferring from the TPM persistent queue to the Oracle database.  Do }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160  transfer data from TPM persistent queue directly into
 the critical, high activity, areas of the database. This still gives you the potential to suffer from the problem of two-phase commits, but at least it may not be blocking more frequent, and urgent, activities.
\par 
\par Apart from this, the options are very much TPM-dependent. Tuxedo, for example, has a feature that lets you split application services into }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 groups}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 . If a client program calls only services within a single group, then the transaction is recognised by Oracle as a single transaction, and two-phase commi
t is not required. If a client program calls services from more than one group, then the transaction is considered to be a distributed transaction, and the two-phase commit is invoked
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\ql \li0\ri0\sb120\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\noline\wrapdefault\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1042\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 Conclusion;
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1042\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1042 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 There are many arguments in favour of accessing your Oracle
 database through a transaction processing monitor (TPM), but it is possible to introduce distributed transaction processing mechanisms into a system that is not really a distributed system. If this results in a high volume of two-phase commits then the r
e
sulting block-level contention could stop the system from scaling to any great degree. It is absolutely critical that you create a proper harness as the first stage of development so that you can build sample test cases quickly and easily to check the sid
e effects of your design strategy.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7552160 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid7552160 Author Notes:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7552160 
Jonathan Lewis is a freelance consultant, based in the UK, with more than 15 years experience of Oracle.  He specializes in physical database design and the strategic use of the Oracle database engine, and 
is author of 'Practical Oracle 8i - Designing Efficient Databases' published by Addison-Wesley.  He can be contacted on +44 (0)7973-188785, or e-mailed at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7552160 
 HYPERLINK mailto:jonathan@jlcomp.demon.co.uk }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9923908 {\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000170000001c0000006a006f006e0061007400680061006e0040006a006c0063006f006d0070002e00640065006d006f006e002e0063006f002e0075006b000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b460000006d00610069006c0074006f003a006a006f006e006100
7400680061006e0040006a006c0063006f006d0070002e00640065006d006f006e002e0063006f002e0075006b00000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\ul\cf2\insrsid7552160 jonathan@jlcomp.demon.co.uk}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx709\endnhere\pgbrdropt32\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7552160  Jonathan maintains a website at }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7552160 
 HYPERLINK http://www.jlcomp.demon.co.uk }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9923908 {\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000170000001e00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e006a006c0063006f006d0070002e00640065006d006f006e002e0063006f002e0075006b000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b3e00000068007400740070003a002f002f0077007700
77002e006a006c0063006f006d0070002e00640065006d006f006e002e0063006f002e0075006b002f00000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\ul\cf2\insrsid7552160 http://www.jlcomp.demon.co.uk}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx709\endnhere\pgbrdropt32\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7552160  which hosts the 'Co-opeative Oracle Users' FAQ'.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1042\langnp2057\insrsid7552160 
\par }}